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Global CHIVA Program

 

Background of the Global CHIVA Program

 

On the evening of Friday, May 14, 2021, at 10:00 PM Beijing Time, Inteleos and Dr. Smile Medical Group signed a memorandum of cooperation online, with participants connecting from Rockville, Maryland (Washington, D.C. area) in the United States and Shanghai, China, respectively. This marks the official launch of the global CHIVA education, training, and certification program. Both parties are committed to establishing medical quality standards, certification programs, education and training initiatives, and risk management strategies for physicians worldwide, the broader healthcare industry, and, most importantly, for our patients.

 

Introduction to CHIVA

 

CHIVA is the French acronym for “Cure Conservatrice et Hémodynamique de l’Insuffisance Veineuse en Ambulatoire.”

It was first proposed in 1988 by French vascular surgeon Dr. Claude Franceschi. CHIVA is a treatment for varicose veins that replaces traditional destructive surgical methods. The goal of this technique is to reduce the transmural pressure in the superficial venous system while avoiding vein destruction.

Its main advantages include vein preservation, local anesthesia use, low recurrence rates, minimal pain, and no nerve damage.

However, it also has the drawback of a steep learning curve: physicians require extensive training to fully master the knowledge and skills related to venous hemodynamics.

Introduction to the Two Organizations

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 Dr. Smile Medical Group, founded in 2014, is a healthcare organization specializing in vascular surgery clinical services, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of venous diseases. The group operates multiple healthcare service institutions, medical education platforms, and engages in the research and development of medical technologies and devices. Dr. Zhang Qiang performed China’s first CHIVA surgery in 2011. Since 2017, Dr. Smile Medical Group has been providing comprehensive training to physicians in mastering CHIVA techniques.

 

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Inteleos is a globally renowned non-profit medical certification organization that oversees the following councils and foundations: the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography® (ARDMS®), the Alliance for Physician Certification & Advancement™ (APCA™), the Point-of-Care Ultrasound Certification Academy™, and the Inteleos Foundation. Over the past 40 years, more than 158,000 sonographers, physicians, and other medical imaging professionals from 70 countries have received certifications from ARDMS, APCA, and the POCUS Certification Academy.

Dr. Smile Medical Group, an influential varicose vein specialty team globally, operates internationally accredited CHIVA centers for varicose veins in six Chinese cities: Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, Chengdu, Jinan, and Tianjin. Additionally, the group conducts overseas varicose vein CHIVA training programs in Africa and the United States.

Dr. Smile Medical Group collaborates with leading global venous experts and the internationally recognized medical certification body, INTELEOS, to jointly initiate and oversee the global CHIVA certification and training program. This initiative is dedicated to advancing the standards of varicose vein diagnosis and treatment worldwide.

The Current Members of the Global CHIVA Advisory Panel

  • Dr. Maria Caminati
  • Dr. Massimo Cappelli
  • Dr. Roberto Cuaranta
  • Dr. Michel Dadon
  • Dr. Jianping Deng
  • Dr. Luca De Siena
  • Dr. Roberto Delfrate
  • Dr. Xin Du
  • Dr. Stefano Ermini
  • Dr. José María Escribano
  • Dr. Felipe Puricelli Faccini
  • Dr. Davide Foresti
  • Dr. Guglielmo Fornasari
  • Dr. Claude Franceschi
  • Dr. Gelfrido Galizi
  • Dr. Sergyi Kryzhanovskyi
  • Dr. Andres Jorge Kupelian
  • Dr. Thanh-Phong Le
  • Dr. Erika Mendoza
  • Dr. Domenico Migaldi
  • Dr. Fausto Passariello
  • Dr. Mauro Pinelli
  • Dr. Juha Pitkaenen
  • Dr. Manuel Eugenio Senín Fernández
  • Dr. Qiang Zhang
  • Dr. Xiaoyin Zhu
  • Dr. Lei Su

 

ARTICLES FOCUSING ON THE PRESENTATION OF CHIVA THERAPY

（关于 CHIVA 的研究文献）

  1. Franceschi, C. (1989). The conservative and hemodynamic treatment of ambulatory venous insufficiency. Phlebologie, 42(4), 567.
  2. FRANCESCHI,, & FRANCO, G. (1989). La cure CHIVA Discussion. Phlébologie, 42(4),567-568.

  1. Mandolesi,, Ballo, M., Galeandro, I., Filippo, S., Migaldi, D., Spinelli, F., … & Passariello,
  2. (1990). The 1st national multicenter study of the CHIVA (Conservative Therapy and HemodynamicsinVenous Insufficiency in Outpatient Departments) method of treatment of varices. One-year follow-up. Annali italiani di chirurgia, 61(4), 425-427.
  3. CONSIGLIO L., GIORGI G.: Terapia di exeresi o conservativa?Minerva Ang. 1991;16, sup.1: pp. 442–3.
  4. Melliere, D., Cales, B., Martin-Jonathan, C., & Schadeck, M. (1991). Necessity of reconciling the objectives of the treatment of varices and arterial surgery. Practical consequences. Journal des maladies vasculaires, 16(2), 171-178.
  5. Franceschi C. La cure conservatrice hémodynamique de l’insuffisance veineuse ambulatoire (chiva) [Conservative hemodynamic ambulatory treatment of venous insufficiency]. Soins Chir. 1992;(133):29-31.
  6. Franceschi La cure hémodynamique de l’insuffisance veineuse en ambulatoire (CHIVA) [Ambulatory and hemodynamic treatment of venous insufficiency (CHIVA cure)]. J Mal Vasc. 1992;17(4):291-300.
  7. Bailly M. La cure hémodynamique de l’insuffisance veineuse en ambulatoire (CHIVA).Présentationd’un cas particulier [Ambulatory and hemodynamic treatment of venous insufficiency (CHIVA cure). Report of an atypical case]. J Mal Vasc. 1992;17(3):241-249.

  1. Hugentobler JP, Blanchemaison P. La cure hémodynamique de l’insuffisance veineuse en ambulatoire (CHIVA). Etude de 96 patients opérés de juin 1988 à juin 1990 [Ambulatoryand hemodynamic treatment of venous insufficiency (CHIVA cure). Study of 96 patients operated on between June 1988 and June 1990]. J Mal Vasc. 1992;17(3):218-223.
  2. Bailly, (1993). Cartographie CHIVA. Encyclopédie Médico-Chirurgicale. Paris 43-161-B: 1–4.
  3. Franceschi, (1993). La cure CHIVA et la critique: 14 réponses et 1 conclusion. STV. Sang thrombose vaisseaux, 5(7), 491-497.
  4. ZamboniP, Murgia AP, Vasquez G, Zandi G, Mari C, Liboni  La chirurgia venosa videoassistita [Video-assisted venous surgery]. Ann Ital Chir. 1995;66(3):379-386.
  5. Zamboni,, Feo, C. V., Marcellino, M. G., Vasquez, G., & Mari, C. (1996). Haemodynamic correction of varicose veins (CHIVA): An effective treatment?. Phlebology, 11(3), 98-101.
  6. di Chirurgia Generale, U. O. ILTRATTAMENTO DELLE VARICI DEGLI ARTI INFERIORI MEDIANTE CHIVA 2. NOSTRA ESPERIENZA.
  7. A BANHINI,C Franceschi, X Mouren, P Caillard et : Superficial venous insufficiency JOURNAL DES MALADIES VASCULAIRES, 1996
  8. FRANCESCHI, C.: Physiopathologie hémodynamique de l’insuffisance veineuse des membres inférieurs (1997) Actualités Vasculaires Internationales, 22, pp. 17-27
  9. FRANCESCHI C. La Cure Hemodynamique de l’Insuffisance Veineuse en Ambulatoire.: Journal des Maladies Vasculaires. 1997 ; 22 (2) :91-95
  10. CAPPELLI et Al.: Criteri di scelta della Strategia CHIVA Arch. Soc. Ital. Chirurgia 4, 118, 1998
  11. Cappelli, M., Lova, R. M., Ermini, S., Turchi, A., Bono, G., & Franceschi, C. (1999). POSTERS-Conservative surgery of the saphenous trunks. Journal des Maladies Vasculaires, 24, 103-103.
  12. Mendoza, E. (2002). Einteilung der Rezirkulationen im Bein: anatomische und physiologische Grundlagen der CHIVA-Methode. Phlebologie, 31(01), 01-08.
  13. Criado, E., Luján, S., Izquierdo, L., Puras, E., Gutierrez, M., & Fontcuberta, J. (2002, March). Conservative hemodynamic surgery for varicose veins. In Seminars in Vascular Surgery (Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 27-33). WB Saunders.
  14. Mendoza, (2002). CHIVA-Alternative oder Erganzung zum Stripping. VASOMED-BONN-, 14(1), 6-17.
  15. Hach, (2002). Was ist CHIVA?. Gefässchirurgie, 7(4), 244-250.
  16. Mendoza, E. (2002). Einteilung der Rezirkulationen im Bein: anatomische und physiologische Grundlagen der CHIVA-Methode. Phlebologie, 31(01), 01-08.
  17. JUAN-SAMSO’ J.: Venous haemodynamic surgery in the treatment of varicose syndrome (2003) Angiologia, 55 (5), pp. 460-475.
  18. Cappelli, M., Molino Lova, R., Ermini, S., Franceschi, C., & PERRIN, M. (2002). Nouvelle approche de la physiopathologie de l’insuffisance veineuse superficielle: Conséquences thérapeutiques. Discussion: Indications thérapeutiques et nouvelles techniques de traitement en phlébologie. Phlébologie, 55(1), 27-31.
  19. Criado,, Juan, J., Fontcuberta, J., & Escribano, J. M. (2003). Haemodynamic surgery

for varicose veins: rationale, and anatomic and haemodynamic basis. Phlebology, 18(4), 158-166.

  1. Criado, E., Juan, J., Fontcuberta, J., & Escribano, J. M. (2003). Haemodynamic surgery for varicose veins: rationale, and anatomic and haemodynamic basis. Phlebology,18(4), 158-166.
  2. PITTALUGA, P. (2008). MISE AU POINT CONCERNANT les COMMENTAIRES sur la CURE CHIVAdans l’ARTICLE des Drs P. PITTALUGA et S. CHASTANET:«TECHNIQUE et TRAITEMENT des VARICES: COMMENT CHOISIR?». Phlébologie, 61(4), 428-430.
  3. Passariello, (2008). Suppression of the sapheno-femoral reflux by pure non-saphenous phlebectomy and anatomical structure of the reflux. Acta Phlebologica, 9(3), 105-7.
  4. Franceschi, C. (2008). Hémodynamique de la maladie postphlébitique: conséquences diagnostiques et thérapeutiques. Journal des Maladies Vasculaires, 33, S5.
  5. Franceschi, C. (2008). Hémodynamique de la maladie postphlébitique: conséquences diagnostiques et thérapeutiques. Journal des Maladies Vasculaires, 33, S5.
  6. Mowatt-Larssen E, Shortell C. CHIVA. Semin Vasc Surg. 2010;23(2):118-122. doi:10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2010.01.008.
  7. Mowatt-LarssenE, Shortell  Treatment of primary varicose veins has changed with the introduction of new techniques. Semin Vasc Surg. 2012;25(1):18-24. doi:10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2012.02.002
  8. Casian, D. (2012). Metode contemporane de tratament al maladiei varicoase. Buletinul Academiei de Ştiinţe a Moldovei. Ştiinţe Medicale, 33(1), 319-322.
  9. Onida, S., & Davies, A. H. (2015). CHIVA, ASVAL and related techniques–Concepts and evidence. Phlebology, 30(2_suppl), 42-45.
  10. Gianesini, S., Occhionorelli, S., Menegatti, E., Zuolo, M., Tessari, M., Spath, P., … & Zamboni, P. (2015). CHIVAstrategy in chronic venous disease treatment: instructions for users. Phlebology, 30(3), 157-171.
  11. Zamboni, P., & Gianesini, S. (2016). Surgical technique for deep venous reflux suppression in femoral vein duplication. EJVES Short Reports, 30, 10-12.
  12. PUSKÁS A. et Al.:HAEMODYNAMIC MAPPING OF CHRONIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY:THECONCEPT OF SHUNTS VÉNÁK BETEGSÉGEI Érbetegségek,XXIII. évfolyam 4. szám, 2016/4.
  13. Faccini FP, Arendt AL, Pereira RQ, de Oliveira AR. CHIVA to spare the small and great saphenous veins after wrong-site surgery on a normal saphenous vein: a case report. J Vasc Bras. 2019;18:e20180077. Published 2019 Jan 7. doi:10.1590/1677-5449.007718

第二部分：

ARTICLES CONCERNING SUBJECTES OF CHIVA PROCEDURE NOT IN TERMS OF RECURRENCES / CLINIC DATA BUT OF BIOCHEMICAL, HEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS, THROMBOSES AND COMPLICATIONS

（关于 CHIVA 治疗的生物力学、血流动力学、血栓及并发症方面的临床数据）

  1. CAPPELLI et Al.: Considerazioni sul ruolo fisiopatologico delle perforanti nella varicosi essenziale, quale presupposto alla concezione terapeutica dell’intervento CHIVA Ospedali d’Italia – Chirurgia nov–dic 1991, vol. XLIV n°6, pp.425–438.

  1. ZamboniP, Marcellino MG, Feo CV, et  Alternative saphenous vein sparing surgery for future grafting. Panminerva Med. 1995;37(4):190-197.
  2. Mendoza, E. (2018). Perioperative Management in Saphenous Sparing Surgery. In SaphenousVein-Sparing Strategies in Chronic Venous Disease (pp. 239-250). Springer,

  1. Zamboni P, Cisno C, Marchetti F, Quaglio D, Mazza P, Liboni A. Reflux elimination without any ablation or disconnection of the saphenous vein. Ahaemodynamic model for venous surgery. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2001;21(4):361-369.
  2. FRANCESCHI: CHIVA effectiveness score: the correct one is below.Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2012 Sep;44(3):351; author reply 352.
  3. Maldonado-Fernández,, López-Espada, C., Martínez-Gámez, F. J., Mata-Campos, J. E., Galán-Zafra, M., & Sánchez-Maestre, M. (2010). Complicaciones postoperatorias de la estrategia CHIVA para el tratamiento de la insuficiencia venosa crónica. Angiología, 62(3), 91-96.
  4. MENDOZA, BERGER V., ZOLLMANN C., BOMHOFF M., AMSLER F., Calibrereduction of great saphenous vein and common femoral vein after CHIVA Phlebologie, 2011, 40(2): pp. 73–78

  1. MENDOZA, Diameter reduction of the great saphenous vein and the common femoralvein after CHIVA Long–term results, Phlebologie, 2013, 42: pp. 65–69
  2. MENDOZA: Crossectomy of the great saphenous vein with the CHIVA method (2004) Vasomed, 16 (2), pp. 46-48.
  3. DELFRATE, BRICCHI M., FRANCESCHI C., GOLDONI M., Multiple ligation of the proximal greater saphenous vein in the CHIVA treatment of primary varicose veins, Veins and Lymphatics, 2014, 3: pp. 19–22

  1. MENDOZAE, AMSLER , CHIVA with endoluminal procedures: LASER versus VNUS –treatment of the saphenofemoral junction, Phlebologie, 2017, 46: pp. 5–12.
  2. PASSARIELLO F. et: The office based CHIVA Journal of Vascular Diagnostics 26 September 2013 Volume 2013:1 Pages 13—20
  3. Gianesini, S., Menegatti, E., Zuolo, M.,Tessari, M., Ascanelli, S., Occhionorelli, S., & Zamboni,  (2013). Short endovenous laser ablation of the great saphenous vein in a modified CHIVA strategy. Veins and Lymphatics, e21-e21.
  4. Gianesini, S., Menegatti, E., Malagoni, M., Occhionorelli, S., & Zamboni, P. (2017). Mini-invasive high-tie by clip apposition versus crossectomy by ligature: Long-term outcomes and review of the available therapeutic options. Phlebology, 32(4), 249-255.
  5. Gianesini, S., Menegatti, E., Malagoni, M., Occhionorelli, S., & Zamboni, P. (2017). Mini-invasive high-tie by clip apposition versus crossectomy by ligature: Long-term outcomes and review of the available therapeutic options. Phlebology, 32(4), 249-255.
  6. Tisato, V., Zauli, G., Gianesini, S., Menegatti, E., Brunelli, L., Manfredini, R., … & Secchiero, P. (2014). Modulation of circulating cytokine-chemokine profile in patients affectedby chronic venous insufficiency undergoing surgical hemodynamic correction. Journal of immunology research, 2014.
  7. Gianesini,, Menegatti, E., Zuolo, M., Tessari, M., Spath, P., Ascanelli, S., … & Zamboni,

  1. (2015).Laser-assisted strategy for reflux abolition in a modified CHIVA approach. Veins and Lymphatics, 4(2).
  2. Zamboni,, Spath, P., Tisato, V., Tessari, M., Dalla Caneva, P., Menegatti, E., … & Secchiero, P. (2016). Oscillatory flow suppression improves inflammation in chronic venous disease. Journal of Surgical Research, 205(1), 238-245.
  3. Delfrate, R. (2019). Thanks to the CHIVAstrategy, may the histoarchitecture of great saphenous vein-sparing, make it suitable as graft for bypasses?. Veins and Lymphatics, 8(1).
  4. ZAMBONI et Al.: Alternative saphenous vein sparing surgery for future grafting. Panminerva Med. 1995 Dec;37(4):190-7.
  5. Mendoza, M. Cappelli : Sclerotherapy technique in CHIVA strategy Phlebologie 2017; 46(02): 66-74

  1. FERRACANI: A Change of a Paradigm Under the Scope of a Cardiovascular Surgeon. Remodeling of the Great Saphenous Vein Instead of Ablation for Preservation of the Patient Anatomical Capital Cardiology December 30, 2019 ecronicon.com open access
  2. MENDOZA : Does the suture material influence the outcome after high ligation of great saphenous vein? Vasa (2020), 49 (2), 153–155

第三部分：

ARTICLES CONCERNING THE RESULTS OF CHIVA PROCEDURE IN TERM OF RECURRENCES / CLINIC DATA WITHOUT COMPARISON WITH OTHER METHODS

（关于 CHIVA 治疗的复发率/临床数据的非对照临床研究）

  • FICHELLEJM, Carbone P, Franceschi : Results of ambulatory and hemodynamic treatment of venous insufficiency (CHIVA cure) J Mal Vasc. 1992;17(3):224-8.
  • BAILLY: Resultats de la cure Chiva In techniqueset stratégie en chirurgie vasculaire. Jubilé de J.M. Cormier. Edition A.E.R.C.Paris 1992: 255-71
  • HUGENTOBLERP., BLANCHMAISON P.: CHIVA cure. Etude de 96 patients opres de juin1988 a juin 1990 J. Mal. Vasc., 1992, 17: pp. 218–23.
  • QUINTANA et Al.:The CHIVA cure of varices of the lower extremities. La Cure Conservatrice et Hemodynamique de l’Insuffisance Veineuse en Ambulatoire Angiologia. 1993 Mar-Apr;45(2):64, 66-7
  • ZAMBONI: When CHIVA treatment could be video guided. Dermatol Surg. 1995 Jul;21(7):621-5.
  • ZAMBONI et AL.: Angiovideo-assisted hemodynamic correction of varicose veins. Int Angiol. 1995 Jun;14(2):202-8.
  • BAHNINIA, Bailly M, Chiche L, Franceschi C.: Ambulatory conservative hemodynamic correction of venous insufficiency. Technique, results. Ann Chir. 1997;51(7):749-60.
  • CAPPELLI et Al.: I risultati della cura CHIVA. Osp Ital Chir 1998; 4: 615-8.
  • ZAMBONI, MARCELLINO M.G., CAPPELLI M., FEO C.V., BRESADOLA V.,

VASQUEZ G., LIBONI A., Saphenous vein sparing surgery: principles, techniques and results, J.. Cardiovasc. Surg., Torino 1998 Apr, 39(2): pp. 151–62.

  • CAPPELLI M. et Al. “Ambulatory conservative hemodynamic management of varicose veins: critical analysis of results at 3 years” ANNALS OF VASCULAR SURGERY 2000 Vol 14 n°4 pag 376-384
  • ESCRIBANOM., JUAN J., BOFILL R., MAESO J., RODRÍGUEZ–MORI A., MATAS M.,

Durability of reflux–elimination by a minimal invasive CHIVA procedure on patients with varicose veins. A 3–year prospective case study, Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg., 2003, 25: pp. 159–63.

  • ZAMBONI P, ESCRIBANO JM.: Regarding ‘Reflux Elimination Without anyAblation or Disconnection of the Saphenous  A Haemodynamic Model for Venous Surgery’ and ‘Durability of Reflux-elimination by a Minimal Invasive CHIVA Procedure on Patients with Varicose Veins. A 3-year Prospective Case Study’. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2004 Nov;28(5):567.
  • ESTEBAN-GRACIA et Al.: Application of the CHIVA strategy. A prospective study at one year Angiologia 2004, 56 (3), pp. 227-235.
  • LINARES-RUIZ, P., Bonell-Pascual, A., Llort-Pont, C., Romera, A., Lapiedra-Mur, O. : Mid-term results of applying the CHIVA strategy to the external saphenous vein. Angiologia 2004 , 56 (5), pp. 481-490.
  • ZAMBONI, GIANESINI S.,MENEGATTI E., TACCONI G., PALAZZO A., LIBONI A.,

Great saphenous varicose vein surgery without saphenofemoral junction disconnection, Br. J. Surg., 2010 Jun, 97(6): pp. 820–5.EVA et Al.: CHIVA – ECOGRAPHIC ASPECTS AND SURGICAL RESULTS

Maxilo-facial surgery volume 18 • issue 1 January / March 2014 • pp. 64-70EVA,, TIUTIUCA, R., & STANCIU, C. (2014). CHIVA-ECOGRAPHIC ASPECTS AND

SURGICAL RESULTS. International Journal of Medical Dentistry, 18(1).

  • MALDONADO-FERNANDEZet : Clinical results of a new strategy (modified CHIVA) for surgical treatment of anterior accessory great saphenous varicose veins. Cir Esp. 2016 Mar;94(3):144-50.
  • ZMUDZINSKI M,MALO P, HALL C, HAYASHI , CHIVA – A prospective study of a vein sparing technique for the management of varicose vein disease, Am. J. Surg., 2017, 213: pp. 967–969.
  • FRANCESCHIC, Bahnini A, Cappelli M, Cuaranta RL, Dadon M, Delfrate R, Ermini S, Gianesini S, Mendoza E, Passariello F, Puskas  : Commentary on the article “A prospective study of a vein sparing technique for the management of varicose vein disease” by M Zmudzinski et al. Am J Surg. 2018 Nov;216(5):1035.
  • Faccini, F. P., Ermini, S., & Franceschi, C. (2019). CHIVAto treat saphenous vein insufficiency in chronic venous disease: characteristics and  Jornal Vascular Brasileiro, 18.

第四部分：

ARTICLES COMPARING CHIVA RECURRENCES / CLINICAL DATA WITH OTHER PROCEDURES EMPLOING NOT RANDOMIZED STUDIES

（比较 CHIVA 与其他术式的复发率/临床数据的非随机研究）

  1. Gorny, P., Blanchemaison, P., Chahine, D., Hutinel, B., & Chanvallon, C. (1995). Chirurgie conservatrice et ambulatoire: étude comparative entre Chiva et crossectomie chez 321 patients opérés de la saphène interne. Discussion. Phlébologie, 48(2), 255-259.
  2. CAPPELLI,MOLINO LOVA R., ERMINI S., TURCHI A., BONO G., BAHANINI A.,FRANCESCHI C.I., La Cure CHIVA dans le traitement de la Maladie Variqueuse: analyse critique des résultats après trois ans, Ann. Chir. Vasc., 1996.
  3. MAESO, JUAN J., ESCRIBANO J., ALLEGUEN.M.,DIMATTEO A.,GONZALEZE.,MATAS M.: Comparison of clinical outcome of stripping and CHIVA for treatment of varicose veins in the lower extremities Ann. Vasc. Surg., 2001, 15: pp. 661–5.

  1. NOPPENEY, T., Noppeney, J., Kurth, I.: Results of standard varicose vein surgery (2002) Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie, 127 (9), pp. 748-751.
  2. MARIA et Al. : Varicose disease of lower limbs: What kind of treatment? Personal experience Chirurgia 2008, 21 (4), pp. 195-198.
  3. Solís, V., Ribé, L., Portero, J. L., & Rio, J. (2009). Stripping saphenectomy, CHIVA and laser ablation for the treatment of the saphenous vein insufficiency. Ambul Surg, 15(1), 11-4.
  4. Franceschi, (2010). “Stripping versus the CHIVA Method” par Claude Franceschi. Angéiologie, 62(4).
  5. MILONE, SALVATORE G.,MAIETTA P., SOSA FERNANDEZL.M.,MILONE F.,Recurrent varicose veins of the lower limbs after surgery. Role of surgical technique (stripping vs. CHIVA) and surgeon’s experience, G. Chir., 2011, p. 32.

  1. CHANCY et : Retrospective comparison of clinical outcomes between endovenous laser and saphenous vein-sparing surgery for treatment of varicose veins. World J Surg. 2011 Jul;35(7):1679-86.
  2. DKELLEHER, T R A Lane, I J Franklin and A H Davies : Treatment options, clinical outcome (quality of life) and cost benefit (quality-adjusted life year) in varicose vein treatment Phlebology 2012;27 Suppl 1:16–22.
  3. DE FRANCISCIS S. et Al. : Hemodynamic surgery versus conventional surgery in chronicvenous disease: a multicenter retrospective  ACTA PHLEBOL. 2013; 14; 109-114
  4. WANG, CHEN Q., FEI Z., ZHENG E., YANG Z., HUANG X., HEMODYNAMIC CLASSICATION AND CHIVA TREATMENT OF VARICOSE VEINS IN LOWER EXTREMITIES(VVLE) Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med., 2016, 9(2): pp. 2465–2471.

第五部分：

ARTICLES COMPARING CHIVA RECURRENCES / CLINICAL DATA WITH OTHER PROCEDURES EMPLOING RANDOMIZED STUDIES (RCT)

（比较 CHIVA 与其他术式的复发率/临床数据的随机研究）

  • ZAMBONI,CISNO C.,MARCHETTIF.,MAZZA P.,FOGATO L.,CARANDINA S.,DE PALMA M., LIBONI A., Minimally invasive surgical management of primary venous ulcers vs. compression treatment: a randomized clinical trial, Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg., 2003 Apr, 25(4): pp. 313–8.CARANDINA, MARI C., DE PALMA M., MARCELLINO M.G., CISNO C., LEGNAROA., LIBONI A., ZAMBONI P., Varicose vein stripping vs haemodynamic correction (CHIVA): a long term randomised trial, Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg., 2008 Feb, 35(2):

  1. 230–7.IBORRA–ORTEGA, BARJAU–URREA E., VILA–COLL R., BALLÓN–CARAZASH.,CAIROLS–CASTELLOTE M.A., Estudio comparativo de dos técnicas quirúrgicas en el tratamientode las varices de las extremidades inferiores: resultados tras cinco años de seguimiento, ANGIOLOGÍA, 2006, 58(6): pp. 459468.PARÉSO., JUAN J., TELLEZ R., MATA A., MORENO C., QUER F.X., SUAREZ D.,CODONY I., ROCA J., Varicose vein surgery: stripping versus the CHIVA method: a randomized controlled trial, Ann. Surg., 2010 Apr, 251(4): pp. 624–31.

第六部分：

REVISIONI COCHRANE e METANALISI

（关于 CHIVA 的系统性回顾以及 Meta 分析）

  1. BELLMUNT–MONTOYA, ESCRIBANO J.M., DILME J., MARTINEZ–ZAPATA M.J.,

CHIVA method for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency, Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 2013 Jul 3, (7): CD009648.

  1. BellmuntMontoya,, Escribano, J. M., Dilme, J., &MartinezZapata, M. J. (2015).CHIVA method for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (6).
  2. Guo et Al.: Long-term efficacy of different procedures for treatment of varicose veins A network meta-analysis Medicine (2019) 98:7

第七部分：

ARTICLES OF GENERAL REVIEW

（关于 CHIVA 的综述类文章）

  1. Mendoza,: CHIVA 1988-2008: Review of studies on the CHIVA method and its development in different countries (2008) Gefasschirurgie, 13 (4), pp. 249-256
  2. AGUS G.B.: Thirtyyears of new venous hemodynamic concept and teaching Acta Phlebologica 2019 mese;20(0):000–000
  3. Mendoza, (2017). Primum non nocere. Veins and Lymphatics, 6(2).
  4. CFRANCESCHI : CHIVA 30 years later. Scientific and ethical considerations Veins and Lymphatics, 2019 – pagepressjournals.org

第八部分：

BOOKS and CHAPTERS OF OTHER BOOKS

（关于 CHIVA 的专业书籍以及其他专业书籍中关于 CHIVA 的章节）

  1. Franceschi, C. (1988). Théorie et pratique de la cure conservatriceethémodynamiquede l’insuffisance veineuse en ambulatoire [CHIVA].  de l’Armançon.
  2. Zamboni, (1996). La chirurgia conservativa del sistema venoso superficiale.
  3. CAPPELLI ERMINI S. MOLINO LOVA R. (2001) Chapter: La correzioneemodinamica o cura CHIVA pag 431-456 book: Trattato di Flebologia e Linfologia Vol 1 Sergio Mancini

  1. CHIVA, E. (2002). ein Handbuch. Wunstorf: Arrien Verlag.
  2. CAPPELLI MOLINO LOVA R. ERMINI S. (2003) Chapter: Chirurgia conservativa emodinamica pag 177-187 book: Chirurgia delle vene e dei linfatici Giuseppe Genovese Masson Editor
  3. ESCRIBANOM. (2006) Cirugia Hemodinamica en el tratamiento de la insuficiencia venosa superficial Tesis Doctoral Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona
  4. Franceschi,, & Zamboni, P. (2009). Principles of venous hemodynamics. Nova biomedical books.
  5. Delfrate, (2014). A new diagnostic approach to varicose veins: haemodynamic evaluation and treatment. Dioni, Lorena.
  6. ZAMBONI, MENDOZA E., GIANESINI S. (2018)Saphenous vein-sparing strategies in chronic venous disease
  7. Zamboni, (1996). La chirurgia conservativa del sistema venoso superficiale.
  8. JORDIJUAN SAMSO’ (2019) La cura CHIVA en el tratamiento de las varices primarias de las extremidades inferiorores

 

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